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  • Building components
    • Roofs
      • Slate roofs
      • Bituminous sheet flat roofs
      • Pantile roofs
      • Corrugated iron roofs
      • Roofing leadwork
      • Thatched roofs
    • Chimneys and flues
      • Overview
      • Characteristics
      • Inspection
      • Common causes of problems
      • Maintenance and repairs
      • Permissions for work
      • History
      • Contacts
      • Resources
    • Cast iron rain goods
      • Overview
      • Characteristics
      • Inspection
      • Common causes of problems
      • Maintenance and repairs
      • Permissions for work
      • History
      • Contacts
      • Resources
    • Boundary walls
      • Overview
      • Characteristics
      • Check your boundary walls
      • Common causes of problems
      • Maintenance and repairs
      • Adjusting boundary walls
      • Permissions for work
      • History
      • Contacts
      • Resources
    • Iron railings and gates
      • Overview
      • Characteristics
      • Inspection
      • Common causes of problems
      • Maintenance and repairs
      • Painting
      • Reinstatement
      • Permissions for work
      • History
      • Contacts
      • Resources
    • Sash and case windows
      • Overview
      • Characteristics
      • Inspection
      • Common causes of problems
      • Cleaning
      • Maintenance and repairs
      • Permissions for work
      • History
      • Contacts
      • Resources
  • Building materials
    • Sandstone
      • Overview
      • Characteristics
      • Cleaning
      • Erosion
      • Deciding to repair erosion
      • Indent repairs
      • Preventative maintenance
      • Permissions for work
      • History
      • Contacts
      • Resources
    • Lime
      • Overview
      • Characteristics
      • Lime mortar components
      • Choosing a suitable mortar
      • Types of building limes
      • Using hot-mixed lime mortars
      • Preparing a hot-mixed lime mortar
      • Safety issues
      • History
      • Contacts
      • Resources
    • Iron
      • Overview
      • Characteristics
      • Inspection
      • Corrosion
      • Preventative maintenance
      • Repair techniques
      • Replacement of elements
      • Painting
      • Permissions for work
      • History
      • Contacts
      • Resources
    • Slate
      • Overview
      • Characteristics
      • Durability
      • Inspection
      • Maintenance and repairs
      • Permissions for work
      • History
      • Contacts
      • Resources
    • Timber
      • Overview
      • Characteristics
      • Dry rot
      • Wet rot
      • Dealing with rot
      • Insect attack
      • Treatment of insect attack
      • Other common problems
      • Preventative maintenance
      • Permissions for work
      • History
      • Contacts
      • Resources
    • Brick
      • Overview
      • Characteristics
      • Cleaning
      • Signs of decay
      • Causes of decay
      • Structural faults
      • Preventative maintenance
      • Deciding to repair decay
      • Cutting out bricks
      • Replacement bricks
      • Repointing brickwork
      • Permissions for work
      • History
      • Contacts
      • Resources
    • Glass
      • Overview
      • Characteristics
      • Types of plain glass
      • Types of decorative glass
      • Common risks to glazing
      • Maintenance of plain glass
      • Repair of plain glass
      • Maintenance of decorative glass
      • Repair of decorative glass
      • Secondary glazing
      • Permissions for work
      • History
      • Contacts
      • Resources
    • Paint and finishes
      • Overview
      • Characteristics
      • Benefits of traditional finishes
      • Use of colour
      • Choosing paints for interiors
      • Sourcing paints
      • Decorative paint finishes
      • Conserving historic finishes
      • Permissions for work
      • History
      • Contacts
      • Resources
    • Earth
      • Overview
      • Characteristics
      • Composition
      • Earth construction
      • Clay mortar
      • Use of lime
      • Maintenance
      • Repairs
      • Replacement materials
      • Permissions for work
      • History
      • Contacts
      • Resources
  • Common problems
    • How to deal with damp in walls
      • Overview
      • Common causes of damp
      • Check your roof
      • Check your rainwater goods
      • Check your roofing leadwork
      • Check your chimney
      • Check your drainage
      • Check your walls
      • Check for internal causes of damp
    • How to repoint rubble masonry
      • Overview
      • Characteristics of rubble masonry
      • Check your rubble masonry
      • Common causes of problems
      • Preparation for repointing
      • Raking out
      • Dismantling
      • Mortar preparation
      • Tamping
      • Pointing
    • How to repoint ashlar masonry
      • Overview
      • Characteristics of ashlar masonry
      • Check your ashlar masonry
      • Common causes of problems
      • Preparation for repointing
      • Raking out
      • Mortar preparation
      • Pointing
    • How to repair and upgrade sash windows
      • Overview
      • Common causes of problems
      • Repairing sash windows
      • Replacing sash cords
      • Painting sash windows
      • Repairing, improving or adding shutters
      • Fitting draught proofing
      • Adding secondary glazing
    • How to make lime mortar repairs
      • Overview
      • Specification of lime mortars
      • Site practice
      • Preparing lime mortar
      • Cold vs hot-mixed lime mortars
      • Re-mixing lime mortar
      • Applying lime mortar
      • Aftercare of lime mortar
    • How to insulate stone walls
      • Overview
      • Maintaining your property
      • Where to insulate first
      • Wall insulation options
      • Insulating behind lath and plaster walls
      • Applying insulation onto lath and plaster walls
      • Applying insulation onto internal masonry
      • Holding insulation in place with framing
      • External wall insulation
    • Hiring a contractor
      • Overview
      • Benefits of hiring an expert
      • Choosing a contractor
      • Managing the work
  • Energy efficiency
    • How to improve energy efficiency
      • Overview
      • How a traditional building works
      • Heating regimes and equipment
      • Roofs and lofts
      • Floors
      • External doors
      • Windows
      • Wall insulation
    • How to generate energy
      • Before you get started
      • Solar panels
      • Micro-wind turbines
      • Micro-hydro
      • Micro CHP
      • Solar thermal
      • Biomass boilers
      • Heat pumps
      • Hiring a renewable energy installer
• Publications
• Learning
  • Energy Efficiency Measures for Older and Traditional Buildings
    • Unit 1
    • Unit 2
    • Unit 3
  • Building Conservation Week
    • Day 1
    • Day 2
    • Day 3
    • Day 4
    • Day 5
  • Skills and training advice
  • Fun for families
• About Us
  • The Engine Shed
    • Overview
    • Restoration work
    • Social and cultural history
    • Building the Engine Shed
    • The Engine Shed today
  • Teams
    • Heritage Science
    • Technical Education and Training
    • Digital Documentation and Innovation
      • The Rae Project
  • The Scottish Ten
    • Sites
      • Mount Rushmore, USA
      • New Lanark, Scotland
      • Neolithic Orkney, Scotland
      • Rani ki Vav, India
      • St Kilda, Scotland
      • Edinburgh, Scotland
      • Eastern Qing Tombs, China
      • Sydney Opera House, Australia
      • Antonine Wall, Scotland
      • Nagasaki, Japan
    • About the Scottish Ten project
      • Project phases
      • How the Scottish Ten project began
      • Benefits of the Scottish Ten project
      • The Scottish Ten at the Engine Shed
      • Partners
      • Research and practical applications
    • Digital technologies
      • Overview
      • Laser scanning
      • Photogrammetry
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• Find Us
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